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Varicocele is an enlargement of the testicular veins in the scrotum. Normally, these veins carry blood away from the testicles, but when they fail to function properly, they expand and blood stagnates. A visible network of enlarged veins appears under the skin of the scrotum, mainly on the left side. This condition is essentially the same as varicose veins that appear on the legs. Varicocele is observed in approximately 15–20% of young people aged 15–30.
Diagnostics and treatment of varicocele are covered by mandatory health insurance. Last year, 2,932 varicocelectomy surgeries were performed under the Benefits Package.
Varicocele can often be seen during a physical examination, and when necessary, a Doppler ultrasound of the testicles is performed. It is mainly left-sided, sometimes right-sided, and in rare cases, two-sided. Patients typically report enlarged veins in the scrotum (mainly on the left side), dull pain, pain radiating to the groin, and increased discomfort during physical activity. Medical indications for varicocelectomy include: decreased testicular size, reduced sperm count and motility, and testicular pain. Varicocele is considered one of the leading causes of male infertility.
Preoperative examination by a qualified physician, laboratory and instrumental tests, intensive care and hospitalization, medications used during surgery, medical expenses, and nutrition are all covered by mandatory health insurance.
During varicocele surgery, the enlarged veins are ligated and removed. After surgery, sperm quality improves in many men (within approximately 3–6 months), fertility increases, and pain previously caused by varicocele decreases or disappears completely.
After surgery, patients typically return to their normal lifestyle after a few days of rest, although they should refrain from heavy physical work for some time.
Under mandatory health insurance, the procedure is performed based on a medical referral and a doctor’s appointment in state medical institutions subordinate to the Administration of the Regional Medical Divisions, relevant scientific research institutes of the Ministry of Health, and medical institutions (private or state-affiliated) that have contracts with the State Agency on Mandatory Health Insurance.
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